Advertisement Analysis Advertising And Advertising

Advertisements are and have been a staple for businesses that are trying to sell a product or service throughout modern history. Whether the product is a physical item or a service like a lifestyle, experience or knowledge. Businesses frequently use advertisement to not only to show their product or service to the public, but also to influence how the public sees and feels about their specific product. By using advertisement, the business is trying to persuade the public to purchase their product or service, by showing what it is and how it will benefit the buyers lives. There are many different routes of advertisement including commercials for television or radio, billboards, storefronts or vehicles, and in print like newspapers, flyers, or magazines. In this paper I will be analyzing an advertisement found in the September 2016 issue of the magazine Outside. I will describe the advertisement’s visuals and text, explain the message they are trying to get across, what they are selling and talk about the possible audience this specific advertisement is targeting. The message the I believe this advertisement is trying to say, is that if one uses their service one’s vacation will not only be the best experience but will also be the best for one’s health. For you to be able to follow along I will describe in writing what I see in the advertisement. I chose to analyses an advertisement Westin Hotels Resorts (Outside 12). The advertisement is on a single page. The top half ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of An Advertisement On Advertising1073 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of an Advertisement In people lives, they often see advertisements everywhere. People have different views. Some people think that ads can help them know the new products faster, and also they will provide more information about the new products for audiences. 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Due to the new social networking technologies exist today and the various way of advertising, it is not surprising that adolescents are exposed to alcohol advertising as direct promot ions are easy and voluminous. A large number of researchRead MoreAdvertisement Effectiveness992 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behaviour with respect to a commercial offering, although political amp; ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful. 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The National Food Security Mission Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

With the Stagnating nutrient grain production and an increasing ingestion demand of turning population of India, The National Development Council ( NDC ) on 29th May, 2007 in its 53rd meeting adopted the declaration to establish a Food Security Mission and with this consequence the Food Security Mission came into presence on August, 2007. In order to guarantee the nutrient security on a sustainable footing for its country-men, the strategy has targeted to increase the production of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and pulsations by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . It is a centrally Sponsored Scheme, taking to bridge the output spread through airing of improved engineerings and farm direction patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on The National Food Security Mission Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This strategy has an of import function in increasing the productiveness of nutrient grains of India, it has advantage over the green revolution as it is covering 17 provinces more than what green revolution covered. As we will see the impact it has made in increasing the productiveness in the ulterior portion of the study, the figures are optimistic and it will be able to accomplish its mark of increasing nutrient productiveness by the twelvemonth 2011-2012 to run into the demand of the turning population. Mission Aims Increase production of rice, wheat and pulsations through country enlargement and productivity-enhancement in a sustainable mode in the identified territories of the state. To increase the production of rice by 10 million dozenss, wheat by 8 million dozenss and pulsations by 2 million dozenss by the terminal of the Eleventh Plan ( 2011-12 ) . Restore dirt birthrate and productiveness at the single farm degree. Creation of employment chances ; and Enhance farm degree economic system ( i.e. farm net incomes ) to reconstruct assurance amongst the husbandmans. Fund Allotment The entire fund allocated to this strategy is 4880 crores for heightening the nutrient grain production of rice by 10 million metric tons, wheat by 8 million tones and pulsations by 2 million metric tons by 2011-12. It is for three harvests, which are rice, wheat and pulsations. Rice and wheat are the major cereals consumed in India and occupies 80 % of our cereal ingestion. Whereas pulsations include several â€Å" dekaliters â€Å" like garbanzo, pigeon pea ( tur ) , mung bean, urad bean, form portion of our basic diet and are the major beginning of protein. Scheme To accomplish the above aims, the Mission adopted following schemes: Active battle of all the stakeholders at assorted degrees Promotion and extension of improved engineerings i.e. , seed, Integrated Nutrient Management including micronutrients, dirt amendments, IPM and resource preservation engineerings along with capacity edifice of husbandmans Flow of fund will be monitored to guarantee that intercessions reach the mark donees on clip. Assorted intercessions proposed would be integrated with the territory program and marks for each identified territory would be fixed. Changeless monitoring and coincident rating for measuring the impact of the intercessions for a consequence oriented attack by the implementing bureaus. Mission Structure A. National Level A General Council ( GC ) will be constituted under the chairmanship of the Union Agriculture Minister. A Mission Director will be appointed at the national degree. The composing of the GC will be as under: Minister of Agriculture Chairman Secretary ( A A ; C ) Member Secretary ( DARE ) A ; DG ( ICAR ) Member Secretary, Ministry of Finance Member Adviser ( Agriculture ) , Planing Commission Member Agriculture Commissioner Member Mission Director Member Secretary The GC will be the policy doing organic structure supplying suited directives and counsel to the Mission and reexamining the overall advancement and development of the strategy. The GC will be empowered to lie down and amend the operational guidelines, make up one’s mind need-based reallocation of resources across States and territories and O.K. undertakings as per the demands. However, the subsidy norms as approved by the Government shall in no fortunes be exceeded for any of the Mission constituents. The GC will run into at least twice a twelvemonth. A National Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( NFSMEC ) would be constituted under the chairmanship of Secretary, Department of Agriculture A ; Cooperation to supervise the activities of the Mission and to O.K. the State Action Plans. The NFSMEC will consist the followers: Secretary ( A A ; C ) Chairman Secretary ( DARE ) A ; DG, ICAR Member Secretary, MOWR Member Secretary, Department of Fertilizers Member Adviser ( Agri ) , Planing Commission Member Agriculture Commissioner Member Five ( 5 ) experts on harvest production Member Mission Director Member Secretary Function of the NFSMEC will be to supervise the activities of the Mission and to O.K. the single State Action Plans. The Chairman may put up more members to the commission as per demand. The NFSMEC will run into one time in every one-fourth. A Particular Food Security Cell created in the Department of Agriculture A ; Cooperation ( DAC ) will supply the necessary support to the GC and NFSMEC and will administrate the NFSM. NFSMEC will guarantee smooth functional linkages among different bureaus. NFSMEC shall, in the initial phases of the Mission, meet tri-monthly. Implementing bureaus involved in the executing of the Mission ‘s programme will be accountable to the NFSMEC. A National Food Security Mission Cell will be created in the Crops Division of DAC by redeploying officers/staff from within the Department. There would be three extra Commissioners one each for rice, wheat and pulsations and three Deputy Commissioners one each for the several harvests. Two Adjunct Commissioners, three Assistant Directors, three STAs and back uping staff will besides be placed in the Cell. B. State Level A State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be constituted by the State Governments under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary to supervise the activities of the Mission in the State. Secretary ( Agriculture ) , Secretary ( Irrigation ) , Secretary ( Power ) and representatives from other Departments concerned, SAUs, ICAR Institutes, lead Bankss, etc. will be the members of the SFSMEC. A State Mission Director will be appointed in the graduated table of Director ( from within the State Government or outdoors ) . The fundamental law of the State Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( SFSMEC ) will be as follows: Chief Secretary of the State Chairman Secretary ( Agriculture ) Member Secretary ( Irrigation ) Member Secretary ( Power ) Member Vice Chancellor ( s ) of SAUs Member Director/Project Director of ICAR Institutes Member Representatives of Lead Bankss Member State Mission Director Member Secretary The State Governments will hold to put up or make a suited independent bureau registered under the Societies Registration Act for implementing the Mission at the State and territory degrees. The bureau therefore nominated will implement the Mission ‘s programme in the State. Such an bureau could be the State Agricultural Management A ; Extension Training Institute ( SAMETI ) at the State Level and the Agriculture Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) at the territory degree. Separate histories for the strategy would be maintained by the State and the District degree Agencies as per the Account codification prescribed by the NSFMEC. The one-year histories would be punctually audited by a hired comptroller every twelvemonth. The State Level Agency will hold the undermentioned duties: Prepare position and State Action Plan in consonant rhyme with the Mission ‘s ends and aims and in close coordination with State Agriculture Universities ( SAUs ) and ICAR Institutes. Organize / behavior baseline study and feasibleness surveies in the country of operation ( territory, sub-district or a group of territories ) to find the position of harvest production, its possible and demand. Similar surveies would besides be undertaken for other constituents of the programmes. Execution of the Mission ‘s programmes in the State through husbandmans societies, Non-Governmental Organizations ( NGOs ) , agriculturists ‘ associations, self-help groups, State establishments and other similar entities. Organize workshops, seminars and developing programmes for husbandmans and other stakeholders at the State degree with the aid of State Agriculture Universities and ICAR Institutes in the district/State. Fundss would be straight received by it from the National Food Security Mission to put to death the sanctioned Action Plan for the State. C. District Level At the territory degree, the strategy will be implemented through the Agricultural Technology Management Agency ( ATMA ) . The State Level Agency will supply the needed financess to the District Level Agency for executing of the programme at the territory / block degree. A District Food Security Mission Executive Committee ( DFSMEC ) will be constituted for undertaking preparation, execution and monitoring of the strategy constituents through the District Agriculture Department. The District Collector or Chief Executive Officer of the Zilla Parishad ( as per bing norms of the State Government ) will be the president of the DFSMEC. DFSMEC will hold representatives from the line Departments concerned including SAUs, KVKs, ATMA, progressive husbandmans, self help groups of husbandmans and reputed NGOs as its members. The Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) / District Agriculture Officer will be the Member Secretary of the DFSMEC. The fundamental law of the DFSMEC will be as follows: District Collector/CEO of Zilla Parishad Chairman Representatives from line Departments Member Nominated progressive husbandmans Member Representatives from ego aid groups of husbandmans Member Representatives from reputed NGOs Member Representative of KVK / SAU in the District Member Project Director ATMA Member Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) /District Member Agricultural Officer Secretary Chairman, DFSMEC may put up other extra officials/persons of importance as felt necessary by him. D. Project Management Team A Project Management Team will be constituted at the National degree under the leading of Mission Director. A Project Management Team will be constituted at the State and the territory degree under the leading of a Project Manager drawn from the State Government. At the State degree, the Project Manager will be of the degree of a Director. At the territory degree, the undertaking director will be of the degree of a Deputy Director ( Agriculture ) or the District Agriculture Officer. The Project Management Team will be assisted by proficient experts to be appointed on contractual footing for engineering transportation and execution of the Mission. The Project Management Team will hold the duty to guarantee coaction among assorted line sections in the Centre / State to accomplish the marks. The assignment of proficient work force will be made on contract footing with the term of mention laid down for the intent by NFSMEC. The Project Management Team will supply the proficient services / advice. Honorarium to Project Management Team members will be fixed as per the extant fiscal norms. KVKs, SAUs and ICAR institutes working in the territory will supply proficient support in preparation of undertakings, its execution and monitoring. The proficient staff will be sourced from SAUs and their regional Centres located in the territories, KVKs, and ICAR institutes for leaving preparation to the husbandmans and extension forces involved in the execution and monitoring of the NFSM. The Project Management Team will hold the undermentioned duties: Guide the States/districts in organisational and proficient affairs. Aid in the execution and monitoring of the assorted intercessions of the NFSM. Help the States/districts in capacity edifice programmes and record the informations on harvest output through harvest cutting experiment samples. Help the territory and province bureaus in coincident rating based on instance surveies in identified territories and papers and circulate the success narratives. Undertake publicity/information run to advance the Mission aims. Monitoring System The National Food Security Mission will hold a strong mechanism of monitoring and rating with the engagement of all the implementing bureaus and the line sections. At the territory degree, monitoring will be undertaken by DFSMEC supported by the Project Management Team. Close monitoring of the physical and the fiscal marks of assorted plan intercessions would be done by the monitoring squads. Format for supervising these intercessions would be prescribed by NSFMEC. The State Department responsible for Economics and Statistics will be involved in accommodating the prescribed format for informations aggregation refering to different parametric quantities of the Mission for supervising to accommodate the local demands. At the State degree, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the chairmanship of the State Mission Director with members from the line sections, SAUs, lead Bankss, ICAR institutes and the national harvest development directorates nodal for the State. At the National degree, the activities of the Mission will be monitored by a Committee to be constituted under the chairmanship of the Mission Director with members from Department of Agriculture A ; Cooperation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, SAUs, Directorate of Rice, Wheat and Pulses Development, research establishments concerned and functionaries of State Departments concerned. Directorate of Rice/Wheat/ Pulses Development will be the convener of the Committees for the identified provinces, i.e. , the Directorate of Wheat Development for the northern States ; the Directorate of Rice Development for the eastern States ; and the Directorate of Pulses Development for the Central and the southern States. Reporting System The State Department of Agriculture will guarantee the entry of Quarterly Progress Reports ( QPR ) , which should make by the 10th of every 3rd month. Similarly, the elaborate Annual Progress Report ( APR ) should be sent to the Department of Agriculture A ; Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture within three months after the terminal of the twelvemonth. One transcript of the studies of NFSM-Rice should be sent to the Directorate for Rice Development, Patna ; of NFSM-Wheat to the Directorate of Wheat Development, Ghaziabad and of NFSM-Pulses to the Directorate of Pulse Development, Bhopal with a transcript to the Mission Director. The formats for describing would be as prescribed by the NSFMEC. Evaluation System A baseline study will be conducted by the State Department responsible for Economics A ; Statisticss to cognize the resource gifts of the husbandmans and the degree of productiveness. Coincident rating will be done every twelvemonth. The State Statistical Department would be responsible for carry oning this rating to measure the public presentation of the strategy in footings of its aims. In the 3rd twelvemonth of execution of the NFSM, a mid-term rating at the National Level will be undertaken through an independent agency/ organisation on its public presentation and defects so as to take the remedial steps / do required alterations in the strategy and its method of execution. An Impact Evaluation Study at the National Level will besides be undertaken through an independent bureau after the 3rd twelvemonth of execution to measure the impact of the strategy in increasing the productiveness of rice, wheat and pulsations, harvest variegation, and sweetening of husbandmans ‘ income. Information communicating engineering will be used for monitoring and rating of the Mission. Specialized tool/format/ package for the monitoring and rating of the Mission ‘s activities would be developed. Benefits to Farmers: Under this strategy the husbandmans are provided with the high giving up assortments of seeds, dirt amenders such as gypsum and calcium hydroxide and micronutrients, helps to add assorted machineries used for farming and aid for taking up Integrated Pest Control measures. Under this mission the expert tells the husbandmans about the new methods of agriculture, how different tools can be used to increase the productiveness and do agriculture easy through Farmers Field Schools and presentations. The strategy is really flexible and leaves adequate infinite for inventions at small town degree. Apart from the room given to the villagers for transporting out the activities as per their ain convenience, the local organic structures are allowed to be after as per their local demands therefore, continuing the spirit and holiness of local bodies/ panchayets establishments. About 10 % of the budget i.e. 420 crores is allotted for this intent. A fund of Rs1 crore per territory holding a individual mission harvest, 2 crores per territory holding more than one mission harvests is provided. Since the strategy has focused to increase the productiveness of wheat, rice and pulsations so, it came up with many intercessions in order to accomplish its mission. Some of the major intercessions that have been planned are given below given: Interventions-Rice, Wheat and Pulses Demonstration-In order to make the consciousness about the improved farm patterns presentation of the improved patterns of rice and wheat, SRI and intercrossed rice will be conducted at husbandman ‘s field. The figure of presentation will be about 1/5th of the entire figure of 11th five-year program but merely one presentation will be given to the husbandman. The presentations will be conducted in the immediate block by spliting the field in two blocks, one for the improved patterns and other by the husbandman ‘s patterns. This will be done in coaction with the State Department of Agriculture, State Agriculture Universities, ICAR Institutes, Krishi Vikas Kendra and NGO ‘s working in this field. But before all these choice of beneficiary husbandmans, choice of site and dirt analysis will be done. System of Rice Intensification and Hybrid Rice Technology- The presentation of SRI and intercrossed rice engineering will be conducted on husbandman ‘s field holding assured irrigation installation and proviso of drainage. Fiscal Aid for production of seed-Financial aid will be provided for the production of seed of intercrossed rice and certified seeds of improved assortments of pulsations. The production will be done under the Seed Committee of NFSM under the chairmanship of Agriculture Commissioner, Govt. of India. In order to run into the mark of covering 3 million hour angle. country under intercrossed rice, 4.5lakhs quintal intercrossed seed will be produced. The subsidy is besides given by the govt. to the production units. The aid for administering the Hybrid/ HVY seeds of rice, wheat and pulsations will besides be given and public every bit good as private bureaus will be made the portion of distribution. Seed Minikit Programme of Rice and Wheat-This programme was aimed at presenting and popularising the latest released/ pre-released varieties/ loanblends among the husbandmans. The size of the minikit made will be 10kg each for wheat, 5kg for HVY of rice and 8kg for Hybrid rice but merely the new released/ loanblend will be distributed which should non be older than 5 old ages. It was decided that one minikit for every 50ha country of rice and wheat will be distributed. These minikits will be distributed by NSC/ SFCI/ SAUs. Strengthening the Infrastructure for Pulses Breeder Seed Production of ICAR-In order to beef up the substructure the Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur was made the nodal bureau. It was provided with the fiscal aid in order to beef up the breeder seed production substructure including contractual work force on project footing. State Seed Corporation/ NSC/SFCI/NAFED/IFFCO and other seed bring forthing bureaus will be explicating Annual Seed Production program for production of foundation and certified pulse seeds. Alimentary Management and usage of Soil Ameliorants-Management of foods and dirt ameliorants will be implemented by the State Development of Agriculture. The All India Soil and Land Use Survey will be the nodal bureau for designation of the precedence countries for execution. Mechanization- Mechanization in the rice, wheat and pulsation will be assisting the husbandmans in the timely completion of the field operation and increase their efficiency, this in bend will conserve the cost of cultivation. Tractor drawn seed drill for wheat and pulsations will assist the beneficiary to cover the big countries in a short period. Distribution of Sprinkler Sets for Wheat and Pulses-It was planned to increase the irrigated country under pulsations from 16 % to 21 % and heighten the irrigation efficiency in NFSM-Wheat territories through the distribution of Sprinkler Sets. Analysis of Effect of NFSM on the production of Rice, Wheat and pulsations in the twelvemonth 2007 – 2008 and 2008 – 2009. Main aims of NFSM are: 20 million dozenss of extra nutrient grains to be produced ; 10 of rice, 8 of wheat and 2 of Pulsations: We have non yet reached to that degree but we are seeking to catch up really shortly. An spending of Rs. 4883 crores provided over a period of five old ages, 2007-08 to 2011-12 312 territories to be covered in 17 States that are holding really high output spreads 20 MHa of Rice, 13 MHa of Wheat and 17 MHa of Pulses, covering approximately 40 % of cropped country for focussed attending Signs of Change: Improved production and productiveness during 07-08 A ; 08-09 State specific specializations- Many province developed their ain specialisations for e.g. Tamil Nadu- SRI ; Orissa and A.P- Documentation of presentations Improvement of productiveness by more than 50 % in some territories of Bihar, M.P where the original productiveness is much lesser than the province productiveness. Encouragement to new farm practices-Nearly 2.35 lakh presentations of improved assortments of rice and wheat, SRI of rice and intercrossed rice About 47.83 lakh quintals of high giving variety/ intercrossed seed of rice, wheat, pulsations were distributed. About 12.0 lakh hectares of country treated with dirt micro foods ( gypsum/lime/micronutrients ) to reconstruct dirt birthrate About 9.7 lakh hour angle of farm land treated under Integrated Pest Management About 4.3 lakh farm implements distributed Capacity edifice of the husbandmans through about 14535 Farmers Field Schools arranged at farm degree About 55,000 husbandmans are benefited through resource preservation engineerings Tabular analysis of benefits for husbandmans. S.No End product Area covered Farmers benefited 1 2.35 lakh presentations About 1 lakh hac 2.35 lakh husbandman 2 7.5 lakh qtls of Rice HYV distributed 8 lakh hac of rice country of NFSM territories covered About 12 lakh husbandmans 3 About 13000 qtls of intercrossed rice distributed 86000 hac is covered About 57000 husbandmans 4 34.5 lakh qtls of wheat HYV distributed 34.5 hundred thousand hac 23 hundred thousand husbandmans 5 5.7 lakh hac of pulsations seed distributed 14.25 lakh hac covered 9.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 6 About 12 lakh hac treated with gypsum/lime/micronutrients 12.0 hundred thousand hac 9.0 hundred thousand husbandmans 7 9.7 lakh hour angle of farm land treated under Integrated Pest Management 9.7 hundred thousand hac 6.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 8 4.3 lakh farm implements distributed 4.3 hundred thousand husbandmans 9 Capacity edifice of the husbandmans through about 14535 Farmers Field Schools 4.5 hundred thousand husbandmans 10 Entire About 1 million About 72 lakh husbandmans Analysis of Different Food Grains during 2007-08 and 2008 – 09 Wheat production in 2007-08: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 78.57million dozenss of wheat ; about 2.8 million dozenss more than 06-07 Production in NFSM territories is 35.8 million dozenss in 2007-08 Compared to 35.16 million dozenss in 2006-07 Wheat productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Maharashtra 14.6 % ; Gujarat 6.6 % ; Bihar 14.1 % punjab 6.6 % ; UP 2.9 % ; WB 1 % Wheat production in 08-09: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 77.63 million metric tons of wheat ; about 1.82 metric tons more than 2006-07 Wheat productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: Up 1.92 % ; WB 5.22 % ; Bihar 1.6 % ; Haryana 2.7 % ; M.P.7.2 % ; Rajasthan 14.6 % Wheat productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Punjab 5.6 % ; UP 5 % ; WB 6.2 % ; Bihar 16.4 % ; Rajasthan 1.2 % Overall View of the production alteration Against the mark of 8 million metric tons of extra wheat production, 1.8 million metric tons of wheat production is achieved as per 3rd estimation 2008-09. Analysis of Rice production in 2007-2008: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 96.69 million metric tons of rice ; about 3.34million dozenss more than 06-07 ( 93.39 million metric tons ) Rice productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: AP 19.6 % ; Gujarat 35 % ; Production in 2008-09: Significant function of NSFM in bring forthing 99.37 million metric tons of rice during 2008-09 ( 3rd progress estimations ) ; about 2.7 million metric tons more than 2007-08 Rice productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: AP 15.3 % ; Bihar 27.7 % ; MP 44 % ; WB 3.7 % Rice productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: Bihar 70 % ; MP 64 % ; TN 9.2 % ; UP 6.5 % Overall View of the Production Against the mark of 10 million metric tons of extra rice production, 6 million metric tons of rice production is achieved ( basal twelvemonth 2006-07 ) As per 3rd estimation of 2008-09 Analysis of Pulses Production in 2007-08: Significant function of NFSM in bring forthing 14.76 million metric tons of pulsations ; about 0.6million metric tons more than 06-07 ( 14.2 million metric tons ) Assets productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Gujarat 39 % Bihar 13 % ; A.P 9 % Analysis of pulse production in 2008-09: Assets productiveness addition over 2007-08 in NFSM territories: TN 19. % ; Rajasthan gt ; 100 % ; Punjab 18 % ; Haryana 66 % ; AP 20 % assets productiveness addition over 2006-07 in NFSM territories: Rajasthan 65 % ; Punjab 3 % ; Haryana 0.25 % ; AP 30 % , So if we critically analyze the above findings we can state that it has done a good occupation when we consider a short period. However there are many other factors which will and are non leting NFSM to be effectual. Some of the grounds are evidently bureaucracy and other political factors, other factors include societal factors as deficiency of enterprise from people themselves. Analyzing the Working of the scheme State-Wise: To acquire more elaborate and clear image of the working and betterment made boulder clay now, we will analyze the strategy province wise. The studies of the provinces are as follows: Andhra Pradesh: There was addition in the country under Kharif rice over the normal rice. Despite of heavy rains, and loss of grains, province managed to feed its people. Chhattisgarh: Mission manager stated that no extra financess would be required as they are using the financess decently and due to lift in production husbandmans are taking enterprises themselves. Gujerat: An sum of Rs. 12.07 crores was spent as on 15.12.2010 against approved program sum of Rs.25.98 crores and 100 % outgo was anticipated by the terminal of season. Mysores: An country of 11.03 lakh Hectors was covered under Kharif rice against mark of 10.55 lakhs Hectors and country of 16.72 lakh hectares against mark of 15.10 hundred thousand under Kharif pulsations was covered. Similarly 90.94 lakh tones of Kharif nutrient grains were done as against 87.27 hundred thousand. Kerala: 2064 minikits were supplied to the husbandmans. Changeless proficient aid was provided to the husbandmans. But merely one territory is included in the mission, the PMT support was non provided to the province. Maharashtra: 17019 minikits of rice and 7124 minikits of wheat were supplied against the allotment of 18008 and 7108 minikits of rice and wheat severally. 91160 minikits of pulse harvest were supplied against the allotment of 92160 minikits. Madhya Pradesh: Outgo of Rs.4.52 crores and 16 crores was incurred under Rice and Pulses during Khaiff. There was 15 % addition in the overall production of nutrient grains. Orrisa: Presently 15 territories are included but they are be aftering to increase it to 30 within 2-4 old ages. Rajasthan: State reported 55 % outgo under wheat and 43 % under pulsations constituent of NFSM. Tamil nadu: This province has spent 100 % of the allocated financess, which was Rs.29.94 crores under rice and pulsations. State saw a important betterment in the quality of dirt due to outdo agriculture patterns being used under the mission. West Bengal: This province was non able to pass every bit much as it was given to it but so besides in has seen a quite growing in the production of nutrient grains. From the above analysis done for the different provinces where the programme was carried out in full swing, we can state that the National Food Security Mission is working really successfully in many provinces as it has helped in increasing the productiveness per Hector of the irrigated land. But we besides saw that in some provinces the mission`s aim is non fulfilled, as the provinces are non able to utilize the financess allocated to them or they are non able to pull off good the husbandmans land or they are non able to administer the seeds to the husbandmans in the needed ratio. But looking into its overall public presentation we can state that if it keeps bettering its working so it can easy accomplish its aim in the span of 5 old ages. Comparison of NFSM between Andhra Pradesh and Orissa The National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ) is in operation in 17 provinces of the state including Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. Andhra Pradesh National Food Security Mission-Rice ( NFSM-Rice ) is being implemented in 11 territories of the province and National Food Security Mission -Pulses ( NFSM-Pulses ) is being implemented in 14 territories of the province. Present Status of nidation of NFSM in State On the footing of the proposal received from the State Government of Andhra Pradesh for execution of NFSM-Rice and NFSM-Pulses during Rabi, 2007-08, a entire sum of Rs. 4481.83 hundred thousand ( dwelling of an sum of Rs. 1594.83 lakhs under NFSM-Rice, Rs. 2811.00 hundred thousand for NFSM-Pulses and Rs. 76.00 hundred thousand for Publicity ) have been allocated. The entire sum of Rs. 4461.83 hundred thousand has been released. For other old ages the information has been mentioned in the below given tabular array, which compares the allotment of NFSM amongst different provinces. Degree centigrades: UsersDhirajDesktopNFSMstates.jpg In twelvemonth 2009-10, Andhra Pradesh has been allocated Rs. 12791 Lakhs under NFSM and for the twelvemonth 2010-11 it was allocated Rs. 6401 Lakhs. Advancement: The State has reported the outgo of Rs. 1053.64 lakh under NFSM Rice and Rs. 2403.00 lakhs under NFSM-Pulses, so far. The high values of fund allotment show that Andhra Pradesh has made a important advancement over the old ages in Food Security. Constraints: Since the NFSM has been launched from Rabi, 2007-08, no province has indicated restraints so far. Orissa National Food Security Mission-Rice ( NFSM-Rice ) is being implemented in 15 territories of the province and National Food Security Mission -Pulses ( NFSM-Pulses ) is being implemented in 10 territories of the province. Present Status of NFSM in State: On the footing of the proposal received from the State Government of Orissa for execution of NFSM-Rice and NFSM-Pulses during Rabi, 2007-08, an sum of Rs. 645.860 lakhs under NFSM-Rice and Rs. 456.760 hundred thousand for NFSM-Pulses have been allocated. Besides, an sum of Rs. 31.00 hundred thousand has besides been allocated to State for Publicity Campaign. In 2010-11, the fund allotment for execution of NFSM has been significantly high. The entire sum of fund allotment is Rs. 3714 Crores, out of which Rs. 894 Crores is for the Pulses and Rs. 2820 Crores is for the Rice. The information has been shared in the above tabular array. For other old ages, as can be seen from the tabular array below, in 2009-10, Orissa had a fund allotment of Rs. 43.1 crores in entire out of which Rs. 2.03 Crores was for Publicity Campaign. Degree centigrades: UsersDhirajDesktopUntitled.jpg Advancement: As per the authorities web site, no advancement has been reported by the province so far. But we can see from Table 1 that over the old ages the fund allotment has improved and good sum of work has been done for nutrient security in the province of Orissa. Constraints: Since the NFSM has been launched from Rabi, 2007-08, no province has indicated restraints so far. Comparison: The province of Orissa has far lesser fund allotment every bit far as NFSM is concerned in comparing to Andhra Pradesh. As per the statistics available on the web site and covered in Table 1, Andhra Pradesh was allocated a entire fund of Rs. 8181 Crores in 2008-09 in comparing to Orissa ‘s Rs. 6252 Crores of allocated fund during the same clip period. In 2009-10, financess deserving Rs. 12791 Crores were allocated for nutrient security in Andhra Pradesh in comparing to Orissa ‘s Rs. 6279 Crores. This besides shows that year-on-year growing in allotment of NFSM financess has seen growing for Andhra Pradesh but it is about the same for Orissa. Critical Analysis In a command to bolster India ‘s nutrient security scenario, the National Food Security Mission ( NFSM ) has been implemented in 476 Districts of 17 States in India since its origin. The chief thought behind NFSM is to accomplish an extra production of 20 million dozenss of nutrient grains — 10 million dozenss of rice, 8 million dozenss of wheat and 2 million dozenss of pulsations — by the terminal of Eleventh five-year program ( 2011-12 ) . There have been many focused and aim orientated technological intercessions under NFSM which has made a important impact since its origin which is reflected by the fact that the production of rice, wheat and pulsations is increased from 93.35 million dozenss, 75.81 million dozenss and 14.20 million dozenss in 2006-07 to 94.01 million dozenss, 81.47 million dozenss and 16.51 million dozenss severally in 2010-11 as per 2nd progress estimation. NFSM-Rice: The NFSM-Rice is implemented in 138 territory of 14 States, i.e. , Andhra Pradesh ( 11districts ) , Assam ( 13districts ) , Bihar ( 18 territories ) , Chhattisgarh ( 10 territories ) , Gujarat ( 2 territories ) , Jharkhand ( 7 territories ) , Karnataka ( 7 territories ) , Kerala ( 1 territory ) , Madhya Pradesh ( 9 territories ) , Maharashtra ( 6 territories ) , Orissa ( 15 territories ) , Tamil Nadu ( 5 territories ) , Uttar Pradesh ( 26 territories ) and West Bengal ( 8 territories ) . NFSM-Wheat: The NFSM-Wheat is implemented in 141 territories of 9 States i.e. Bihar ( 25 territories ) , Gujarat ( 4 territories ) , Haryana ( 7 territories ) , Madhya Pradesh ( 30 territories ) , Maharasthra ( 8 territories ) , Punjab ( 10 territories ) , Rajasthan ( 15 territories ) , Uttar Pradesh ( 38 territories ) and West Bengal ( 4 territories ) . NFSM-Pulses: Under NFSM-Pulses, 467 territories of 16 State are included. All the territories in 4 provinces of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and 10 territories of Assam and 15 territories of Jharkhand are included under NFSM-Pulses. One of the defects with the NFSM is its position to supply modern engineering through the above mentioned intercessions to little and fringy husbandmans. This proposal is non practical in the sense that the usage of modern engineering by little husbandmans will non be economically feasible. This proposal of NFSM is hence, contradictory itself, since modern engineering can be implemented in large- sized farms merely. How to cite The National Food Security Mission Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Hearts and Hands by O Henry Essay Example For Students

Hearts and Hands by O Henry Essay Have you ever lied to someone so you would not be embarrassed? In the short story, Hearts and Hands by O Henry, there is a character who gets on a train on his way to jail. He unexpectedly sits across from an old friend of his named Miss Fairchild who recognizes him. Mr.. Gaston got in trouble with the law, but doesnt want Miss Fairchild to know. He is escorted by the Marshall, who out of the kindness of his heart, covers for Mr.. Gaston and says that he (the Marshall) did it. Miss Fairchild is led to believe that Mr.. Gaston is the Marshall, when, in fact, he is the prisoner. The personality traits of Miss Fairchild, Mr.. Gaston, and the Marshall all contribute to the surprise ending, Miss Fairchild is an interesting character vivid many different personality traits. She seems to be smart, and rich. She comes from the east coast, and is adventurous enough to take a train out to Colorado during these violent western times. l love the West, the air agrees vivid me here said the girl irrelevantly. She seems romantically interested in Mr.. Gaston, but does not seem to get as much interest from him. Mr.. Gaston is the character who counterfeited the money. He got sentenced to seven years of prison for counterfeiting the money. He did not want to be embarrassed in front of this pretty girl. The Marshall covers for him with the lie, and saved his life. Youll excuse me for speaking, miss, but, I surveyors acquainted with the Marshall here, If youll ask him to speak a word for me when we get to the pen hell do it, and itll make things easier tort me there. Hes taking me to Leavenworth prison. Its seven years for counterfeiting. This quote proves that the Marshall has some nice qualities to his personality. The Marshall sis very nice and kind person. When he made up the cover story for Mr.. Gaston, that showed that he was doing that out of the kindness of his heart. He was not required to do that. Molls excuse me for speaking miss, but, see youre acquainted faith the Marshall here. If youll ask him to speak a word for e when we get to the pen hell do it, and itll make things easier for me there. Hes taking me to Leavenworth prison. Its seven years for counterfeiting? This quote proves that the Marshall did this out of the kindness of his heart. In the story Hearts and Hands by O Henry, there was a surprise ending, which ended up revealing a huge lie. Miss Fairchild was the victim Of this lie. Mr.. Gaston was part of the lie.

The Ultimate Guide To Note-Taking - Infographic with Cornell Notebook

Contents Note-Taking Infographic Three Popular Note-taking Methods for College A Short Note-taking Guide Bonus: Cornell Notes template What is a Cornell note-taking method? How to use Cornell notes? How to Download and Assemble the Cornell Notes template? Effective note taking methods can **boost your grades**. You memorize the learning material better and retain it longer. Other benefits you can expect are: becoming an â€Å"active listener†; becoming an effective learner; getting a â€Å"storage† of information to use when preparing for an exam or writing an essay. Opt for making notes by hand rather than typing. It is better for long-term memory of ideas and conceptual information. Note-Taking Infographic Three Popular Note-taking Methods for College 1. Outline method helps to structure the material, placing general information at the left, and specific facts and clarifications at the right. It is usually useful except for science classes, where a lot of formulas, graphs, or structures must be drawn. 2. Cornell method helps to condense and organize notes without laborious rewriting, by dividing the paper into specific sections. 3. Mapping method helps to represent information graphically so that you can see how various ideas and facts relate to each other. Visual learners find it very helpful. See a detailed description of the methods in the infographic, try them out, and choose the note taking template that suits you. A Short Note-taking Guide: 1. Read the relevant textbook sections before class 2. During class, be sure to write down all the important points 3. Review your notes afterward. Good note taking skills will enable you to record the fastest lecturer. The next time you write assignments or prepare for exams, you have a great study tool to use. Bonus: Cornell Notes template Students who take effective notes get the most out of classes and lectures and clearly understand textbooks and assigned readings. There is a number of different ways to take notes, and everyone can use the method they feel most at ease with. For many learners, Cornell notes template is a favorite one. What is a Cornell note-taking method? It is a seven-step process that takes you through three main stages: 1. taking notes, 2. modifying the notes, 3. reviewing and studying from the notes. The goal of using this method is taking more accurate and detailed notes **without the need to rewrite vast amounts of material**. How to use Cornell notes? Measure about 2.5 inches from the page’s left side and draw a vertical line. This section will function as the cue column. 6.5 inch â€Å"main section† on the right is intended for making notes. Leave the 2-inch section on the bottom to summarize. Printable Cornell notes templates are also called the R7 (Record, Recall, Reduce, Recapitulate, Recite, Review and Reflect). Step 1: Record your notes in â€Å"main section† (during class) Write down important information. Do not copy the material word for word: abbreviate, use shorthand symbols, concise sentences. Make headings to separate major ideas and keep your notes organized. Skip some lines between the points. Step 2: Recall (after class) Read the notes and fill in the gaps. Step 3: Reduce (after class) Fill in your left-hand column with keywords, phrases and questions that work as cues. Step 4: Recapitulation (after class) Summarize the main ideas in the bottom section. This shows how well you understand the information. Step 5: Recite Cover the classroom notes, read aloud the questions and keywords in the cue section, and answer or define them using your own words. Pull the paper down to check your accuracy. Step 6: Review Read over the â€Å"main section†, cover them with the card and answer the questions or keywords from the cue column. You will improve memorizing if you do it in a written form. Take the card away and see if your answer is right. Use this process to prepare for the assignments and tests. Step 7: Reflect Think about how the material you learned fit in with your own ideas. To make things easier, you can take advantage of a printable DIY pdf version of Cornell notes (50 sheets). How to Download and Assemble the Cornell Notes template? Cornell notes template pdf (50 sheets) is provided to download by the link below. You can put the prints together in customizable multi-page notebooks for different subjects. Those who prefer typing on a laptop over handwritten notes can make use of Cornell notes pdf in their digital form. Download Cornell Notebook pdf There is no need to change the template before printing it out. You can just add the name of the subject. Cornell method can be used in any note-taking situation. It is a â€Å"do-it-right-at-once† system that has no disadvantages.

Deadly Cartoons

Deadly Cartoons FREE SPEECH ZONES The recent #garlandshooting was allegedly provoked by controversial cartoons of Prophet Mohammed displayed in a community center in Texas, U.S. As shown here, these award-winning artistic expressions according to news report are religious sensitive and provoking materials that made some people in the Islamic world very angry. Similar to Charlie Hebdo magazine’s satirical cartoons of Prophet Mohammad that later led to the killing of 12 people in Paris early this year, these cartoons also received a deadly response. Clearly, our inherent freedom to voice or express one’s opinion has lethal consequences when abused or intended to ridicule a leader of a major religion. Academic institutions recognized the right to free speech but similar to artistic expression; it must be restricted to a safe level. The purpose of Free Speech Zones is to restrict student protest, activism, and free speech to certain places on campus to avoid disruption of classes and other educational activities. However, although the constitutionality of this content-neutral conduct restrictions rule is strongly criticized, it had reduced occurrence of derogatory comments that stigmatizes individual on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, sex, and others. VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES AND SCHOOL VIOLENCE The content-based restriction is a law that restricts free speech on the basis of content, subject matter, or speaker’s viewpoint. For instance, a school may allow public speeches supportive of school-board policies but prohibit protester’s speech opposing critical school board policies as it such constitutes a viewpoint restriction. U.S. Courts according to study, normally allow schools to apply reasonable restrictions on oral, written, or symbolic expression such as banners promoting violence (read Fraternity Violence), use of illegal drugs, and others. Overall, schools can apply reasonable restriction on speech or expression that is likely to affect public safety. ARTISTIC CENSORSHIP Censuring work of art (see Art Essay) is made difficult by controversies associated with the term â€Å"objectionable content†. The appropriateness of artistic work, for instance, varies from person to person thus a student’s sculpture of a nude female torso that received an A+ from his art teacher may be displayed draped under a cloth if the old and conservative female school principal strongly objects to nudity. In the same manner, cartoons depicting and making fun of a highly respected religious leader are appropriate and display-worthy artistic expressions for some, may be so humiliating to others. In fact, these offensive works of art and creation of individuals enjoying the freedom of expression already frustrated millions of people and recently took a number of lives. SEXUAL CONTENT ON TV HAS A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON TEENAGERS It is, therefore, critical to apply content-based restrictions on similar artistic expressions to avoid further conflict and deadly responses from the affected side. Satirical artistic expressions undoubtedly constitute artist’s personal viewpoint, promote violence, jeopardize public safety, and therefore deserving of reasonable restrictions. Some major U.S. publications already imposed self-regulation and avoiding publishing of offending cartoons or provocative images. Along with news media’s total restriction on provoking cartoons, free speech zones and artistic censorship in educational institutions, there is a strong possibility that anger of tens of millions of Muslims caused by previously unrestricted satirical artistic expressions will be reduced to a level that a deadly response is no longer necessary.

Print Directly to Printer With JavaScript

Print Directly to Printer With JavaScript One query that turns up a lot in the various Javascript forums asks how to send the page directly to the printer without first displaying the print dialog box. Rather than just telling you that it cant be done perhaps an explanation of why such an option is not possible would be more useful. Which print dialog box displays when someone presses the print button in their browser or the Javascript window.print() method runs depends on the operating system and what printers are installed on the computer. As most people run Windows on their computer, lets first describe how the printing setup works on that operating system. The *nix and Mac operating systems differ slightly in the details but overall are set up similar. Print Dialog There are two parts to the print dialog box on Windows. The first of these is part of the Windows API (Application Programming Interface). The API is a set of common code pieces that are held in the various DLL (Dynamic Link Library) files that are part of the Windows operating system. Any Windows program can (and should) call the API to perform common functions such as displaying the Print Dialog box so that it will work the same way in all programs and not have different options in different places the way the print option did back in DOS program days. The Print Dialog API also provides a common interface allowing all programs access to the same set of printer drivers rather than printer manufacturers having to create driver software for their printer for each individual program that wanted to use it. The printer drivers are the other half of the print dialog. There are several different languages that different printers understand that they use to control how the page prints (eg. PCL5 and Postscript). The printer driver instructs the Print API as to how to translate the standard internal print format that the operating system understands into the custom markup language that the specific printer understands. It also adjusts the options that the Print dialog displays to reflect the options offered by the specific printer. Operating the Printer An individual computer may have no printers installed, it may have one local printer, it may have access to several printers over a network, it may even be set up to print to PDF or preformatted print file. Where more than one printer is defined one of them is designated the default printer which means that it is the one that displays its details in the print dialog when it first appears. The operating system keeps track of the default printer and identifies that printer to the various programs on the computer. This allows the programs to pass an extra parameter to the print API telling it to print directly to the default printer without displaying the print dialog first. Many programs have two different print options - a menu entry that displays the print dialog and a toolbar fast print button that sends directly to the default printer. When you have a web page on the internet that your visitors are going to print, you have next to no information about what printer(s) they have available. Most printers around the world are configured to print out on A4 paper but you cant guarantee that the printer is set up to that default. One North American country uses a non-standard paper size that is shorter and wider than A4. Most printers are set up to print out in portrait mode (where the narrower direction is the width but some may be set to the landscape  where the longer dimension is the width. Of  course, each and every printer also has different default margins at the top, bottom, and sides of the page even before the owners go in and change all of the settings to get the printer the way that they want. Given all of these  factors, you have no way to tell whether the default printer with its default configuration will print out your web page on A3 with negligible margins or on A5 with huge margins (leaving little more than a postage stamp sized area in the middle of the page). You can probably assume that most will have a print area on the page of approximately 16cm x 25cm (plus or minus 80%). Printing Needs Since printers vary so much between your potential visitors (did someone mention laser printers, inkjet printers,  color  or black and white only, photo quality, draft mode, and lots more) you have no way to tell what they will need to do to print out your page in a reasonable format. perhaps they have a separate printer or a second driver for the same printer providing totally different settings specifically for web pages. Next, comes the matter of what they may want to print. Do they want the whole page or have they selected just a part of the page that they want to  print?  If your site uses frames do they want to print all of the frames the way they appear on the page, do they want to print each frame separately, or do they just want to print a specific frame? The need to answer all of these questions makes it just about essential that the print dialog  appears  whenever they want to print something so that they can make sure that the settings are all correct before they hit the print button. Most browsers also provide the ability to add a fast print button to one of the browser toolbars to allow the page to be printed to the default printer using default browser settings as to what is to be printed and how. Javascript Browsers do not make this multitude of browser and printer settings available to Javascript. Javascript is primarily concerned with modifying the current  web page  and so web browsers provide minimal information about the browser itself and next to no information about the operating system available to  Javascript  because Javascript doesnt need to know those things to perform  those  things that Javascript is intended to do. Basic security says that if something like Javascript doesnt need to know about the operating system and browser configuration in order to manipulate the web page then it should not be provided with that information. It is not like Javascript ought to be able to change the printer settings to appropriate values for printing the current page because that is not what Javascript is for - that is the job of the print dialog. Browsers  therefore  only make available to Javascript those things that Javascript needs to know such as the size of the screen, the  available space in the browser window  to display the page, and similar things which help Javascript work out how the page is laid out. The current web page is  Javascripts  one and only concern. Intranets Intranets are of course an entirely different matter. With an  intranet,  you know that everyone  accessing the page  is using a specific browser (usually a recent version of Internet Explorer) and has a specific screen resolution and access to specific printers. This means that it makes sense on an intranet to be able to print directly to the printer without displaying the print dialog because the person writing the web page knows which printer it will be printed on. The Internet Explorer substitute for Javascript (called JScript) therefore has slightly more information about the browser and operating system that Javascript itself does. The individual computers on the network running the intranet may be able to be configured to allow the JScript  window.print()  command write directly to the printer without displaying the print dialog. This configuration would need to be set up individually on each client computer and is well beyond the scope of an article on Javascript. When it comes to web pages on the internet there is absolutely no way that you can set up a  Javascript command  to send directly to the default printer. If your visitors wish to do that they will have to set up their own fast print button on their browser toolbar.

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example efines what constitutes marketing, explores the dynamics of consumer motivation, and then links these conceptions with consumer behaviour, using relevant examples, to understand how marketers respond to consumer behaviours and serve to influence them. Personal self-reflections by the researcher involving two consumption scenarios, with focus on the Tu clothing line by Sainsbury’s and the smartphone company, Blackberry, are explored in order to justify or refute theories of motivation, consumer behaviour and marketing that are investigated in the report’s review of literature. The explorations of theory versus real-world experiences in consumer behaviour and marketing underpin a relevant discussion about the relevancy of various motivational and behavioural models. By evaluating theory and then applying it to real-life consumption decisions, it provides a framework by which to critique various theoretical models or provide ample support for their viability and relevancy in what drives consumption decision-making. Exploration of secondary research underpins the investigation of primary research reflection and establishes a conceptual framework of best practice for today’s marketers that are marketing products to consumers fitting my personal target market profile. Marketing is a set of activities within an organisation that attempt to communicate a product or service’s value to potential or existing customers, with the intention of ensuring sales of these goods or services. Marketing is a series of different processes which assist in satisfying the needs of important target customers that effective describe the benefits that customers will receive by selecting one company’s products over a competitor (Kotler and Keller 2009). There are many techniques involved in an organisation’s marketing process, including selection of desirable target markets through segmentation and analyses of consumers and other market conditions. A firm must understand consumer

How Nintendo is left brained Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How Nintendo is left brained - Essay Example This part of the brain controls the right side of the body. (Edward) CERTAIN FEATURES OF NINTENDO GAMES WITH EXAMPLES: A number of Nintendo games are available for purchase in the market. These games incorporate techniques that require analytical and logical approaches to be embedded by the player. Examples of Nintendo games involving the brain activity of the player from the left side of the brain include Donkey Kong, numerous puzzle related games such as Repton, Knights Lore, Cantlequest. Puzzle solving games involve the embedding of decision making techniques. Thompson writes about traditional puzzle games in his book â€Å"Video Games Design Revealed† in the following words: â€Å"The general format for traditional puzzle games often includes a problem that needs to be solved, followed by some kind of subtle scenario change, followed by another puzzle that needs to be solved in order to gain points or move up a hierarchy of levels.† (31). Each puzzle game introduced by the Nintendo game introduces a different decision making perspective to the player. This results in even more brainstorming on the Player’s end. In addition to puzzle solving games there are also few brain games in the Nintendo Series of video games. These games are named as the ‘Brain Training Series’ by their developer Professor Kawashima and Nintendo.

Convention on Prohibition of Biological Weapons Essay Example for Free

Convention on Prohibition of Biological Weapons Essay The ‘Biological Weapons Convention’ (BWC, for short) is an international treaty aimed at stopping the production and use of biological agents that multiply the diseases among people. This treaty is officially termed as the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction. It came into effect in 1975, and by 2000, nearly 150 nations had signed the treaty. By virtue of clauses of the treaty, countries have been prohibited to possess big amounts of biological agents or toxins, and all the systems of weaponry to pass them on. Also all the member nations or the signatories may not trade into biological weapons or help other countries to develop them. It was also made obligatory for the United States and the Soviet Union who conducted experiments to produce biological weapons during the Cold War, a period of non-active hostility between nations after World War II (1939-1945), were called upon to ratify the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in 970s. But since the treaty did not provide for the means of verifications or inspections, nations had merely agreed to stand by it in good faith. And it was as early as 2000, when some of the governments had tried to figure out methods to carry out inspection and verification. (Biological Weapons Convention, 2007) Efforts to Avert Germ-warfare through BWC are Proving Hopeless The US has assessed a number of programs through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for her defense against probable biological, chemical, and radiological attacks, but the approach is basically aimed at protecting the troops and military equipment. Nearly 100 of the signatories of the Biological Weapons Convention made a review of the progress of BWC in 2002, but to their dismay and worry all of them found the situation quite deplorable and disappointing. Another survey conducted by Amy Smithson of the Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, found that more than 80% of the senior government officials, and congressmen thought that a biological attack in the near future was very likely, especially in view of Al-Qaeda’s revealed rudimentary experiments with ricin and anthrax. And it is also very well known that nearly all antidotes for anthrax do not suffice. Besides, 40% of members had never submitted the required report, which is an utter violation of the BWC rules. Ms Amy Smithson added that had there were more emergent and serious efforts, the things might have moved ahead into Bio-safety and Bio-security. The director of UNIDIR (UNs disarmament research institute in Geneva), Patricia Lewis, commented that although apparently the progress of work over the past few years has proved useful, yet to be more efficient and systematic, there is an ardent need of a foolproof action plan, which, she feared, may not be due until 2008. Is America Safe from Biological Attack? Although huge spending has been made on her bio-defense, the US appears as vulnerable as ever to a concerted terrorist attack. Therefore development of a better strategy and a much stronger defense is simply inconceivable without a change in the policy of federal government. It is also a part of hard American history nearly seven years back when the nation had hardly recovered from the wounds of 9/11, than someone sent Anthrax Spores to reputed Journalists and famed politicians through the US mail. The result was that five people died and more than seventeen got sick, and it was painful to observe that none of the culprits was ever caught. This attack added to the already growing fears in the US, about the hard-liners and bio-terrorists being so determined to spread disease and mayhem across the nation. To combat the threat, the Bush administration launched an unparalleled bio-defense plan, and until today almost $44 billion has been spent by the US federal government for providing protection to the civilians, organizations, and for buying the latest remedies such as the classic smallpox vaccine. â€Å"But the pertinent question is whether this colossal spending has made Americans any safer? † The veterans at the Center for Bio-security at the University of Pittsburgh say that the answer is a big No. â€Å"Denouncing the government efforts as insufficient they hold that the US remains unable to defend itself against any anthrax attack involving more than a few envelopes. So where is the big success†? (Biological Weapons Convention, 2007) One of the many bio-defense efforts made by the administration is the Bio-Shield project, which was launched in 2004, and was aimed at turning drug companies into defense entrepreneurs, delivering products to fight against a potential bio-weapons threat. Although there is much in store for the Project Bio-Shield like a $5. 6 billion package to be spent by 2014 on drugs, yet the pharmaceutical companies, much against expectations haven’t done enough that could accomplish the Bio-Shields objectives. The lukewarm response by these companies has been a cause of perpetrating a bill in the US Congress, in order to make the Bio-Shield a more effective and more viable a project. Has Project Bio-Shield Proved Sufficient for US Bio-defense Needs Apparently the Bio-Shields strategy appears quite prudently designed. â€Å"But companies normally do not cater for remedies for the unique kind of diseases thought most likely to be used as weapons, simply because there are no profits in it†. Resultantly the Project Bio-Shield promises companies to buy them only the special drugs and vaccines that would counter threats of bio-weapons, giving them an option and a free hand to do the rest of job. If such is the case then why there has so far been a very sluggish response is a question which must be answered with firmness if not with finality. (New Scientist, 2003) â€Å"In fact Project BioShield has awarded contracts for 7 products, worth $2 billion. They are: 1. Two for antibody-based therapies for botulism and anthrax. 2. One for 10 million doses of the militarys existing anthrax vaccine. 3. One biggest funding of $878 million has been guaranteed to VaxGen of Brisbane, California, for 75 million doses of a purer, new-generation anthrax vaccine. 4. One order is for 20 million doses of an improved smallpox vaccine from the Danish firm Bavarian Nordic, and 5. Project BioShield has provided $4 million to universities to fund basic pathogen research. Brad Smith of the Center for Bio-security said, The government has never done anything like this before, He also asserted that the department of Homeland Security must first decide what designated threats really are, and only then should the Department of Health commissions drugs or vaccines be designed to protect against them. He added that the diseases it picked so far pertain only to anthrax, botulism and smallpox. However, the targeted one bug, one drug approach has been seen by some experts as basically wrong. A better approach, they say, would be to aim for broad-spectrum remedies that work against many different bacteria or viruses. But then it would be more cost-effective; would offer mere defense blanket against terrorists with whatever their choice of bio-weapon be, and would also come with additional advantage of protection against natural diseases. Tucker remarked, if something works for flu and for bio-weapons as well, why not do that? † (New Scientist, 2003) A recent research by think tanks like Tucker and Andrew Grotto shows that much more effort is yet required. Only seven states and four cities have the capability to administer stockpiled vaccines on a large scale, Tucker said. He added that most Americans live in states that have no plans for dealing with large numbers of casualties caused by contagious diseases. The new bill that was presented before the Congress attempted to address some of these problems i. e. to appoint a new health secretary for public health; to improve the quality of equipment for medical emergencies, and to provide $1 billion as annual funding. But this would not have been enough to solve the delivery problem, or give hospitals the capacity to deal with a surge in patients. Although the bill, presented before Congress, mandated research into new tools and methods for developing drugs and vaccines, yet it did not go ahead in the way to taking Project Bio-Shields focus away from the one bug, one drug strategy and on to a broader spectrum of remedies. But this newest Bio-Shield Project certainly did no go any further to solve the problems of how to get remedies out to any probable and potential victims of the bio-weapons attack. (MacKenzie and Debora, 2006) References Academic Research Premier Can the line against bio-terror hold? 2006 (Economist, 00130613, Vol. 381). Biological Weapons Convention 2007 http://www. worldbookonline. com/wb/Article? id=ar726514st=biological+warfare Accessed, July 7, 2007 Bob. B. 2007 ‘WMD Antidotes Still Go to Iraq’ (National Journal, 03604217, Vol. 39, Issue Lussier, Frances M. 2007 Gas mask. http://www. worldbookonline. com/wb/Article? id=ar217900 Accessed, July 7, 2007 MacKenzie, Debora. 2006. â€Å"Fortress America† (New Scientist: Vol. 191, p18-21) Ross. S. ‘America the Beautifuls Germ Warfare Rash’, Jul/Aug2007 (Humanist, 00187399 Vol. 67, Issue 4)

Og Mandino (For the Rest of My Life) :: essays research papers

For the Rest of My Life . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the rest of my life there are two days that will never again trouble me. The first day is yesterday with all its blunders and tears, its follies and defeats. Yesterday has passed forever bye my control. The other day is tomorrow with its pitfalls and threats, its dangers and mystery. Until the sun rises again, I have no stake in tomorrow, for it is still unborn. With God’s help and only one day to concentrate all my effort and energy on, this day, I can win! Only when I add the burden of those two frightening eternities, yesterday and tomorrow, am I in danger of faltering under the load. Never again! This is my day! This is my only day! Today is all there is! Today is the rest of my life and I resolve to conduct myself through every waking hour in the following manner. . . . For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me . . . to heed the wise advice of Jesus and Confucius and Zoroaster and treat me. To maintain a rein on my tongue and my t emper, guarding against foolish moments of faultfinding and insults. To greet all those I encounter with a smile instead of a frown, and a soft word of encouragement instead of disdain or even worse, silence. To be sympathetic and attentive to the sorrows and struggles of others, realizing that there are hidden woes in every life no matter how exalted or lowly. To make haste to be kind to all others, understanding that life is too short to be vengeful or malicious, too soon ended to be petty or unkind. For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me. To keep reminding myself that in order to harvest more ears of corn in the fall, I must plant more kernels in the spring. To understand that life always rewards me on the terms that I establish, and if I never perform or deliver more than that for which I am paid, never will I have reason to demand or expect and additional gold. To always deliver more than is expected of me, whether at work, at play, or at home. To labor wit h enthusiasm and l9ove, no matter what the task at hand may be, realizing that if I cannot secure happiness out of my work I will never know what real happiness is. Og Mandino (For the Rest of My Life) :: essays research papers For the Rest of My Life . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the rest of my life there are two days that will never again trouble me. The first day is yesterday with all its blunders and tears, its follies and defeats. Yesterday has passed forever bye my control. The other day is tomorrow with its pitfalls and threats, its dangers and mystery. Until the sun rises again, I have no stake in tomorrow, for it is still unborn. With God’s help and only one day to concentrate all my effort and energy on, this day, I can win! Only when I add the burden of those two frightening eternities, yesterday and tomorrow, am I in danger of faltering under the load. Never again! This is my day! This is my only day! Today is all there is! Today is the rest of my life and I resolve to conduct myself through every waking hour in the following manner. . . . For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me . . . to heed the wise advice of Jesus and Confucius and Zoroaster and treat me. To maintain a rein on my tongue and my t emper, guarding against foolish moments of faultfinding and insults. To greet all those I encounter with a smile instead of a frown, and a soft word of encouragement instead of disdain or even worse, silence. To be sympathetic and attentive to the sorrows and struggles of others, realizing that there are hidden woes in every life no matter how exalted or lowly. To make haste to be kind to all others, understanding that life is too short to be vengeful or malicious, too soon ended to be petty or unkind. For the rest of my life, this very special day, God help me. To keep reminding myself that in order to harvest more ears of corn in the fall, I must plant more kernels in the spring. To understand that life always rewards me on the terms that I establish, and if I never perform or deliver more than that for which I am paid, never will I have reason to demand or expect and additional gold. To always deliver more than is expected of me, whether at work, at play, or at home. To labor wit h enthusiasm and l9ove, no matter what the task at hand may be, realizing that if I cannot secure happiness out of my work I will never know what real happiness is.

The Return: Midnight Chapter 37

Then Meredith saw something that was not smoke or fire. Just a glimpse of a door frame – and a tiny breath of cool air. With this hope to sustain her, she scuttled straight for the door to the backyard, dragging Isobel behind her. As she passed the threshold, she felt blessedly cold water somehow showering down onto her body. When she pul ed Isobel into the spray, the younger girl made the first voluntary sound she had during the entire journey: a wordless sob of thanks. Matt's hands were helping her along, were taking away the burden of Isobel. Meredith got up to her feet and staggered in a circle, then dropped to her knees. Her hair was on fire! She was just recal ing her childhood rehearsal of stop, drop, and rol , when she felt the cold water turned on it. The hose water went up and down her body and she turned around, basking in the feeling of coolness, until she heard Matt's voice say, â€Å"The flames are out. You're good now.† â€Å"Thank you, Matt. Thank you.†Her voice was hoarse. â€Å"Hey, you were the one who had to go al the way to the bedrooms and back. Getting Mrs. Saitou out was pretty easy – there was the kitchen sink ful of water, so as soon as I cut her free from the kitchen chair we just got al wet and dashed outside.† Meredith smiled and looked around quickly. Isobel had become her responsibility now. To her relief, she saw that the girl was being hugged by her mother. And al it had taken was the nonsense choice between a thing – however precious it was – and a life. Meredith gazed at the mother and daughter and was glad. She could have another stave made. But nothing could replace Isobel. â€Å"Isobel said to give this to you,†Matt was saying. Meredith turned toward him, the fiery light making the world crazy, and for one moment didn't believe her eyes. Matt was holding the fighting stave out to her. â€Å"She must have dragged it with her free hand – oh, Matt, and she was almost dead before we started†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Matt said, â€Å"She's stubborn. Like someone else I know.† Meredith wasn't quite sure what he meant by that, but she knew one thing. â€Å"We'd al better get to the front yard. I doubt the volunteer fire department is going to come. Besides – Theo – â€Å" â€Å"I'l get them moving. You scout the gate side,†Matt said. Meredith plunged into the backyard, which was hideously il uminated by the house, now ful y engulfed in flames. Fortunately, the side yard was not. Meredith flicked the gate open with the stave. Matt was right behind her, helping Mrs. Saitou and Isobel along. Meredith quickly ran by the flaming garage and then stopped. From behind her she heard a cry of horror. There was no time to try to soothe whoever had cried, no time to think. The two fighting women were too busy to notice her – and Theo was in need of help. Inari was truly like a fiery Medusa, with her hair writhing around her in flaming, smoking snakes. Only the crimson part burned, and it was that part that she was using like a whip, using one snake to wrest away the silver bul whip from Theo's hand, and then another to wrap around Theo's throat and choke her. Theo was desperately trying to pul the blazing noose from her neck. Inari was laughing. â€Å"Are you suffering, petty witch? It wil al be over in seconds – for you and for your entire little town! The Last Midnight has final y come!† Meredith glanced back at Matt – and that was al it took. He ran forward, passing her, al the way up to the space below the fighting women. Then he bent slightly, cupping his hands. And then Meredith sprinted, putting everything she had left into the short run, leaving her just enough energy to leap and place one foot into Matt's cupped hands, and then she felt herself soaring aloft, just within distance for the stave to slice cleanly through the snake of hair that was choking Theo. After that Meredith was in free fal , with Matt trying to catch her from below. She landed more or less on top of him and they both saw what happened next. Theo, who was bruised and bleeding, slapped out a part of her gown that was smoldering. She held out a hand for the silver bul whip and it flew to meet her outstretched fingers. But Inari wasn't attacking. She was waving her arms wildly, as if in terror, and then suddenly she shrieked: a sound so anguished that Meredith drew in her breath sharply. It was a death-scream. Before their eyes she was turning back into Obaasan, into the shrunken, helpless, dol -like woman Matt and Meredith knew. But by the time this shriveled body hit the ground it was already stiff and dead, her expression one of such unrepentant malice that it was frightening. It was Isobel and Mrs. Saitou then who came forward to stand over the body, sobbing with relief. Meredith looked at them and then up at Theo, who slowly floated to the ground. â€Å"Thank you,†Theo said with the faintest of smiles. â€Å"You have saved me – yet again.† â€Å"But what do you think happened to her?†Matt asked. â€Å"And why didn't Shinichi or Misao come to help her?† â€Å"I think they al must be dead, don't you?†Theo's voice was soft over the roar of the flames. â€Å"As for Inari – I think that perhaps someone destroyed her star bal . I'm afraid I was not strong enough to defeat her myself.† â€Å"What time is it?†Meredith abruptly cried, remembering. She ran to the old SUV, which was Stillrunning. Its clock showed 12:00 midnight exactly. â€Å"Did we save the people?†Matt asked desperately. Theo turned her face outward toward the center of the town. For nearly a minute she was Still, as if listening for something. At last, when Meredith felt that she might shatter from tension, she turned back and said quietly, â€Å"Dear Ma ma, Grand mama, and I are one, now. I sense children who are finding themselves holding knives – and some with guns. I sense them standing in their sleeping parents'rooms, unable to remember how they got there. And I sense parents, hiding in closets, a moment ago frightened for their very lives, who are seeing weapons dropped and children fal ing onto master bedroom floors, sobbing and bewildered.† â€Å"We did it, then. You did it. You held her off,†Matt panted. Stillgentle and sober, Theo said, â€Å"Someone else – far away – did much more. I know that the town needs healing. But Grand mama and Ma ma agree. Because of them, no child has kil ed a parent this night, and no parent has kil ed a child. The long nightmare of Inari and her Last Midnight is over.† Meredith, grimy and bedraggled as she was, felt something rise and swell inside her, bigger and bigger, until, for al her training, she couldn't contain herself any longer. It exploded out of her in a yel of exultation. She found that Matt was shouting too. He was as grubby and unkempt as she was, but he seized her by the hands and whirled her around in a barbarian victory dance. And it was fun, whirling around and yel ing like a kid. Maybe – maybe in trying to be calm, in always being the most grown-up, she had missed out on the essence of fun, which always felt as if it had some childlike quality to it. Matt had no trouble in expressing his feelings, whatever they were: childlike, mature, stubborn, happy. Meredith found herself admiring this, and also thinking that it had been a long time since she'd real y looked at Matt. But now she felt a sudden wave of feeling for him. And she could see that Matt felt the same way about her. As if he'd never real y looked at her properly before. This was the moment†¦when they were meant to kiss. Meredith had seen it so often in movies, and read about it in books, that it was almost a given. But this was life, it wasn't a story. And when the moment came, Meredith found herself holding Matt's shoulders while he held hers, and she could see that he was thinking exactly the same thing about the kiss. The moment stretched†¦ Then, with a grin, Matt's face showed that he knew what to do. Meredith did too. They both moved in, and hugged each other. When they drew back, they were both grinning. They knew who they were. They were very different, very close friends. Meredith hoped that they always would be. They both turned to look at Theo, and Meredith felt a pang in her heart, the first since she had heard they'd saved the town. Theo was changing. It was the look on her face as she watched them that gave Meredith the pang. After being young, and while watching youth at its peak, she was once again aging, wrinkling, her hair going white instead of moonlit silver. At last, she was an old woman wearing a raincoat covered with bits of paper. â€Å"Mrs. Flowers!† This person, it was perfectly safe and right to kiss. Meredith flung her arms about the frail old woman, lifting her off her feet in excitement. Matt joined them, and they boosted her above their heads. They carried her like this to the Saitous, mother and daughter, who were watching the fire. There, sobered, they put her down. â€Å"Isobel,†Meredith said. â€Å"God! I'm so sorry – your home†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Thank you,†Isobel said in her soft, slurred voice. Then she turned away. Meredith felt chil ed. She was even beginning to regret the celebration, when Mrs. Saitou said, â€Å"Do you know, this is the greatest moment in the history of our family? For hundreds of years, that ancient kitsune – oh, yes, I've always known what she was – has been forcing herself upon innocent humans. And for the last three centuries it has been my family line of samurai mikos that she has terrorized. Now my husband can come home at last.† Meredith looked at her, startled. Mrs. Saitou nodded. â€Å"He tried to defy her and she banished him from the house. Ever since Isobel was born, I have feared for her. And now, please forgive her. She has trouble expressing what she feels.† â€Å"I know about that,†Meredith said quietly. â€Å"I'l go have a little talk with her, if it's All right.† If ever in her life she could explain to a fel ow traveler what fun having fun was, she thought, it was now.

“The King of Torts” by John Grisham

Clay Carter is a public defender doing boring, low-paid, through which every beginning lawyer is to go through. Carter has been there for too long, and this job does not bode anything to Carter†¦ up to the point, when he takes up the case of Tequila Watson, a 20-year-old youth who has committed a murder seemingly without any reasons†¦ Up to the point, when Carter realizes that beneath a hackneyed case there is a real case, which is difficult and dangerous, boding a huge amount of money. This case can become the start of a dazzling legal career – if Carter takes the risk and stakes his all†¦This is the entanglement of the legal suspense thriller â€Å"The King of Torts† (2003) by John Grisham. The novel has a fast-pace and dynamic plot, which takes Carter from the mundane post of public defendant to the pecuniary cream of the society. John Grisham, a former lawyer and now a successful novelist, is known for his penetrating insights into the American legal system, made in his numerous earlier novels like â€Å"A Time to Kill†(1989) and â€Å"Runaway Jury† (1996).This time Grisham takes on the â€Å"torts†, lawyers who lead suits against large corporations in the name of many people, who suffered from the actions or products of this company; the attorney receives a considerable percent from all payouts of all plaintiffs and his payout can be measured in billions. As Clay Carter engages into the case of Tequila Watson, he discovers an enormous conspiracy, where the big pharmaceutical company is involved. Tempted by the mysterious stranger Max, he plunges into tort business and is soon dubbed â€Å"king of torts† for his success.He starts leading a luxurious life, living in a luxurious house and driving a black Porsche; however, everything has its price. The price of success for Carter is his moral and professional principles, which he eagerly sells in exchange for fame and fortune.In this novel, Grisham makes a grim commentary on the American legal system, which has turned into a machine for earning money for attorneys. Apart from the exciting plot, the most gripping suspense lies in the attitude of the reader to the protagonist. Carter is evidently degrading, but will the reader find â€Å"extenuating circumstances† to justify him or at least to understand his downfall? This is a question, which you can answer only after turning the last page of this gripping thriller.ReferencesGrisham, J. (2003). The King of Torts. New York: Doubleday.

Car Audio essay essays

Car Audio essay essays Transportation, usually by the form of an automobile is essential. We probably could not live without the automobile. When most people get an automobile, they feel the need to personalize it to their tastes. It could be many different things such as better wheels, interior items, stereos, and a lot of other stuff. Now in my car, I got a little carried away. I have put many different things into my car such as a sound system, alarm, tinted windows, fog lights, and much more. Now I didnt buy this at all one time. I bought all the items as soon as I paid my parents off for them and that included interest. When I first got a car, I wanted to buy a c.d. player for it. At first I just wanted a simple c.d. player that was low cost. Well after talking to my mom about it, she convinced me to get a little bit higher model then what I was going to get. The first c.d. player I got was a Sony Xplod. It was pretty nice for the cost. I used it for a year and a half and then sold it to my friend. Before I sold it, I became interested in Alpine c.d. players. I had heard one of them and the sound was so clear from it. I also liked the design of them. I then decided what model to get and bought it this past summer. Now about a year after I started driving, I wanted to buy subwoofers for my stereo. At first, I wanted a single subwoofer. Now each time I get an idea to buy something for my car, it usually changes and probably costs more. I ended up getting 2 12 JBL subwoofers and a Sony Xplod Amp. They were loud compared to the factory speakers. A few months after I had gotten those, I got an offer for the JBL subs so I sold them. I then bought 2 12 Sony Xplod subwoofers. I have had those since. Now that I had put some money into my car, I decided I should get an alarm. I looked online and found this really cheaply priced alarm that had tons of features. It has a remote pager that goes off if someone sets off youre ala ...

Genealogical Historical Documents at Footnote

Genealogical Historical Documents at Footnote The Bottom Line Important historic documents from the U.S. National Archives are now making their way online due to an agreement with Footnote.com. Digitized copies of documents such as Revolutionary War pension records and Civil War service records can be viewed and even annotated through what is possibly the best image viewer Ive seen on the Web. You can also create free personal story pages to track your research or share your documents and photos. Search results are also free, although youll have to subscribe to view, print and save most of the actual document images. In my opinion, Footnote.com is a bargain for the money. Pros One of the best image viewers Ive seen for accessing images onlineOffers access to millions of historic documents previously unavailable onlineThe ability to annotate and/or add comments to any individual document page7-day free trial available Cons Requires the lastest version of Flash. In some cases, the site wont even load without it.No soundex search. Some advanced search features are available, but not obvious.No FAQ or easy answers to support questions such as the Flash issue.Many document series are still in progress Description Over 5 million images of historical American documents and photos from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.Records include: Revolutionary Civil War pension service records, state naturalization records and case files of the FBI.Annotate, comment, print and save digital document images.Story pages allow you to create a simple Web page with point and click editing.Upload and post your own historical documents for free.Under the nonexclusive agreement, Footnotes images will be available on the National Archives Web site after five years. Guide Review - Footnote.com Footnote.com allows you to search and view over 5 million digitized documents and photos from American history. Members can view, save and print the documents they find. A nifty feature allows you to highlight a name, place or date and add an annotation. Comments can also be added to post corrections or add additional information for anyone else who views the same image. The image viewer works as quickly and seamlessly as any Ive seen, and the jpeg images are of very high quality. Since many of the titles are in progress, I recommend that you use the Browse by Title feature to view the full description of the each document series, as it includes a nice completion status feature. Titles and documents are being added quickly and regularly, however. If you have a problem with the site loading slowly, be sure you have downloaded the latest version of Flash player for your browser. This usually fixes many such problems. Simple search is just that - simple. You enter search terms and then choose whether to search across all documents, or within a specific document set, such as PA Western Naturalizations. There is presently no soundex search, but you can narrow the search by document type, such as across all naturalization records, or within a particular title (first browse to the document subset you wish to search, and then enter your search terms). Advanced search hints can be accessed by clicking on the ? next to search. Footnote.com has the framework in place to be one of the most flexible and user-friendly sites on the Web for American genealogists. Once they add more records (and there are many in the works), upgrade the search feature, and do some tweaking, it has the potential to be a 5 star site. Despite being a newcomer to the world of digitized historic documents, Footnote has definitely risen the bar.

Acid Mine Drainage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Acid Mine Drainage - Essay Example In such it discusses all the possible avenues with which AMD can emerge and gives in depth analysis with regard to the chemical composition, reaction and eventual production of the AMD. This paper also strives to give in summary different sources of the AMD and the appropriate remedies that can be put into practice to quench the lethal problems associated with AMD. In the same breadth, it discusses the health related problems associated with AMD as well as those of ecological. This paper can be of meaningful help to those who work in the mines and risk contracting the problems linked with the site. When the precautionary measures that are discussed in this paper are stringently followed by the concerned individuals with the appropriate technology and man power, there is no doubt the problem of the AMD will be a thing of the past. 2.0 Introduction Acid mines drainage (AMD) is one of the major environmental threats that comes as a result of extraction of minerals for economic purposes. If these mines are not properly managed, then the exercise of extraction results into a serious environmental menace. Essentially acid mines drainage is a peculiar kind of a wastewater that that results from the continuous processes of weathering as well as leaching of coal and metalliferrous compounds that contain sulphur as an element in them. The various activities of mining for example, strip and underground mining exposes the sulfide (pyrite) and other metallic compounds that incorporate sulphur to a level of oxidation given the availability of oxygen and water. The oxidation process will increase the acidity level i.e. low P.H value, as the value of the P.H decreases, the oxidation process of the metals equally increases increases and this significantly reduces the water quality and culminate into water pollution (Drever 133). The formatio n of the acid mines drainage process can also be facilitated by through biological processes. The microorganism thiobaccillus ferroxidants is an acid tolerant microbe and is known to be associated with acid mines drainage sites as it enhances the oxidation of the compounds that contain sulphur compounds (Drever 147). . The resultant water in the acid mines drainages are very hazardous to health, in that the acidity and the components of water from the mines contain lethal chemicals. As stated above, without the buffering processes of the process, the acidity level will exponentially increase accelerating weathering process and subsequent development and continuation of the acid mines drainages (Drever 151). 3.0 Origin of Acid Mine Drainage Several factors can bring about development of the acid mines drainages, coming into contact between the surface water (oxygenated) with the pyritic ores is one of the ways that largely contribute to the formation of the acid mines drainage. This interaction takes place in three different ways; when the mining processes change the direction of flow of the water pattern to areas endowed with rocks that have been in constant touch with the ground water that is anoxically stagnant (Berner and Berner 98). The other possibility is when the spoils form the pyritic mining is disposed in an area of percolating oxygenated water, and when the pyritic minerals waste materials are directly discharged into the aquatic environment. 4.0 Results The formation of the acid mines drainages results into several environmental degradative processes that are vey detrimental to the survival biological life, in such, measures are always put into place as precautionary obligation to ensure